Hearing loss Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hearing misfortune - Research Paper Example This paper investigates the reasons for, and analysis and accessible treatment for hearing misfortune. The sorts of hearing misfortune and their effect on the prosperity of people with hearing weakness, just as on the general public, are featured. The reason for hearing misfortune or etiology can be promptly evident like an ear disease or storing up of ear wax in the outside ear waterway and can likewise be inconclusive, for example, in the instances of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing misfortune (Connelly, 2005). For the most part, the significant reasons for hearing misfortune incorporate inordinate clamor, ototoxic response to drugs, maturing, hereditary legacy or birth imperfections, diseases, and head or ear injury. Presentation to destructive commotion makes harm delicate inward ear structures, called hair cells, prompting noised-initiated hearing misfortune. Hair cells are little tactile cells that are liable for the transformation of sounds into electrical signs, which are then sent to the mind for discernment. When harmed, hair cells can scarcely develop back, making loss of hearing perpetual. Both the decibel levels of and one’s separation to sounds are similarly significant in deciding the likely dangers for commotion actuated hearing misfortune. Rehashed introduction to sounds at or higher than 85 decibels can weaken hearing while a one-time presentation to a much extreme sound like blast can bring about hearing misfortune (NIDCD, 2008). In the interim, chemotherapy medications and radiation utilized for the treatment of youth malignant growth instigate harm to hearing. High dosages of radiation may bring about ear wax develop or aggravation in the external ear, firmness of eardrum or center ear bones, or liquid develop in the center ear, which can prompt hearing misfortune (Landier and Ruccione, 2008). Further, radiation can instigate harm to the inward ear’s hair cells, bringing about a sensorineural hearing misfortune. Hearing misfortune because of viral and bacterial contaminations, for example, in syphilis, toxoplasmosis, mumps, bacterial

Emerging Technologies Essays -- Digital Gadgets, Personal Information

During the 21st century the world has seen enormous improvements in innovation. Pretty much every individual knows about the utilization of computerized contraptions for correspondence, socialization and information stockpiling among different administrations (Freedman 02). The developments of electronic gadgets that can be utilized to store, send, get and get to any data are aftereffects of headways in innovation. These advancements have a place with the data and correspondences classification. Numerous individuals in today’s world wrongly think that the innovative progressions that are going on right presently are the main technologic headways advancing on the planet. Anyway all things considered, individuals have been encountering innovative headways as right on time as the Neolithic time frame, affecting pretty much every part of life. These antiquated advancements have come to be surpassed by time, as there are new ones which appear to be progressively productive in achieving comparable errands. Developing advances can be supposed to be developments and progressions that can be seen in various divisions of innovation (Zelkowitz 6). Most up-coming advancements have brought synchronization of the past turns of events, making them cooperate in accomplishing a comparable objective. A genuine case of this is the means by which video, information and telephonic innovations have now been made to cooperate in accomplishing a similar objective of successful correspondence (Zelkowitz 12). These advances used to exist totally by them self, yet not any longer. Researchers created distinctive social administrations that associate individuals together in a type of web-based social networking. Instances of these applications incorporate; Twitter; Facebook, Vine, and Instagram among numerous others. As much as these new advancements have brought proficiency and a... ...ormation, and we can't simply get rid of rising advancements as a result of pundits. We have to acknowledge that everything has a lot of benefits and negative marks, and proceed onward. All we need is searching for methods for safeguarding our societies and history just as essential instruction whether there are developing advances or not. Works refered to Freedman, C. D. The Extension of the Criminal Law to Protecting Confidential Commercial Information: Comments on the Issues and the Cyber-Context. (August 01, 2013). Global Review of Law, Computers and Technology, 13, 2, 147-162. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13600869955116#.UdhxNezkU1I Gopnik, Adam. â€Å"The Information: A Critic at Large.† The New Yorker 14 Feb. 2011: 124+. ProQuest. Web. 31 October 2011. Zelkowitz, Marvin V..Vol.73 Advances in Technology: Emerging Technologies. Amsterdam [u.a.: Elsevier, 2013. Print.

Mid-January Updates

Mid-January Updates Hello! Heres the latest: We have begun reading regular action applications. It looks like application numbers will be up once again this year. Lots of reading to be done! If you are a regular action applicant, please check your application tracking on MyMIT today. If you are missing an application component, such as a transcript or teacher evaluation, now is a good time to follow up on that and make sure we have it as soon as possible. If you are in the regular action pool (regular action applicant or early action deferred), and you are in an American school, please try to get us your Mid-Year Grade Report as soon as possible after the grades are available (if youre on a trimester system, we probably already have all the grades we need). If you are an early action deferred student, and you are looking to send us an update, I would recommend doing so in the next couple weeks, before we go into selection committee. The financial aid deadline is quickly approaching. Be sure to have all of your documents to the financial aid office by February 15. I havent forgotten about the Mini-contest. Ill post some great entries tomorrow! Finally, I hope you can start to relax. Im still getting some really stressed out comments and emails, but this interim period between submitting your application and receiving your decision is a good time to focus on family, friends, and school. You can worry again about college once you have to start making your decision ;)

The Impact Of Transnational Industries And Global...

This essay aims to explore and critically analyse the impact of transnational industries and/or global financial institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the sub-Sahara Africa. It will explore the impact on health, economic, and environmental, political and cultural determinants on developing countries. A country in the sub-Sahara Africa region will be used as a prime example in dealing with some of the above institutions and their outcomes, and a conclusion given. INTRODUCTION The World Bank and the IMFs strategies and its impacts in the sub-Sahara region has come under scrutiny. This has prompted concerns of the region s development with some Africans and international organizations questioning if†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, some political economists have argued that the continents underdevelopment is due to how the states were created with their political and economic link with industrialised nations. This as a result has led to industrialised countries experimenting ill designed development concepts in developing countries. Rodney (2012) argued that every nation has developed, however not on even economic grounds. He further stated that ‘’underdevelopment’’ is used by industrialised countries to exploit other countries. Background Body (1600-1800 words) The word bank and IMF are the two main global financial institutions that lend money to various developed and developing countries. According to Wolff (2013) these institutions came into being in 1944 after the Bretton woods conference to establish a firm global economy after the world war two. The purpose of these institutions was to stimulate a stable development and offer unconditional loans to nations in economic crisis so as to achieve their developmental needs (Wolff, 2013). However, these never saw the daylight, due to pressure experienced from the US legislatures, also known as the ‘‘Washington Consensus’’ which as a result led the IMF and World Bank to lend money with harsh conditions. Kingston et al. (2011) suggests that the Structural Adjustment Policies (SAP) programs in most cases have led to poverty in developing countries

Poverty Has A Significant Effect On The Brain Essay

Growing up in poverty has a significant effect on the brain. While poverty affects many aspects of the brain processing, spending patterns are impacted which affects quality of life. Occasionally, those in poverty make it out. Despite gaining a higher socioeconomic class, quality of life can still be influenced by the impact of poverty. This is because those who grew up in poverty continue their impulsive spending habits when they move into the middle-class because poverty leaves an enduring impression on the human brain. Poverty has an immense effect on how the human brain develops. In Erika Hayasaki’s essay â€Å"This Is Your Brain on ‘Poor’†, she argues that the environment in which children and teens in poverty grow up in causes the brain to stay in a constant state of fight-or -flight due to the amount of crime and violence they’re exposed to. She discusses how when in fight-or-flight there is an excess of stress hormones pumped through the body so that the person can react in an instant. When exposed to violent crime daily she explains, â€Å"Your stress hormones would be constantly amped up, and after a while your body wouldn’t be able to turn down the volume. Your brain would get stuck in a constant state of flight-or- fight—the kind of chronic stress that impedes the development of stem cells, brain connections and neurons. Immordino-Yang’s work has found that those in this type of environment often do not fully develop the a bility to plan effectively, setShow MoreRelatedPoverty Influences Children s Early Brain Development1521 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty Influences Children’s Early Brain Development Children have been the topic of many research studies and debates throughout history. Scientists, educators, social workers and teachers have debated the importance of nature and nurture in children s development. 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Post 9/11 Intelligence Reform Impact and the Way Ahead Free Essays

string(29) " task other agencies assets\." Final Post 9/11 Intelligence Reform Impact and the Way Ahead Daniel Ratner INTL 444 Professor Mead October 8, 2012 Introduction After 9/11, an event so shocking, and humiliating to both the American people, and the U. S. Government, vast reforms were identified to ensure that an attack of this magnitude never happened again. We will write a custom essay sample on Post 9/11 Intelligence Reform Impact and the Way Ahead or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the ashes of this despicable act came two major pieces of Intelligence reform. These documents were the 9/11 Commission Report and The Intelligence Reform Act and Terrorist Prevent Act of 2004 (IRTPA). Both documents worked to reform the Intelligence Community (IC), and streamline current processes to improve the sharing of intelligence information, and products. With the sweeping changes mainly through the ITPRA the Intelligence Community is well on its way to being the major muscle group we need it to be acting as a single unit as opposed to separate and individual muscles all trying to lift the same heavy weight. With the findings of the 9/11 commission, the implementations of the IRTPA have taken long strides, but what can be done better? We will look at the two pieces of legislation, and then compare and contrast the sweeping changes, and if the are going in the correct direction. The 9/11 Commission Report In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, a group of politicians both Republican and Democrats came together to identify shortfalls and introduce a call for reform. According the report, â€Å"Our aim has not been to assign individual blame. Our aim has been to provide the fullest account of the events surrounding 9/11 and to identify lessons learned. † When we as Americans have a major event in the United States, we always look for a scapegoat, the ideas behind the 9/11 commission was built as a bi-partisan group for just this reason. The report takes the events of 9/11 and attempts to paint a picture of a major lack of understanding of the threat we face from radical Islam, as well as other disenchanted with is around the world. The 9/11 report goes deep into the history of the events surrounding 9/11, but really only spends about 25 pages of the 450 pages report identifying the shortcomings, and way ahead. Now while this is a macro view of the reforms needed, it does leave much to the imagination. Post 9/11 Reform As we look at the reforms recommended we see that the commission broke the recommendations into major groups, they divided them into ways to give Overall Government Reform. This is subdivided into five categories, a new Unity of Effort between Foreign and Domestic operations in an attempt to mandate primacy in different types of operations to ensure the proper agency is doing the correct job, A Unity of Effort for the Intelligence Community, Unity of Effort in Sharing Information, Unity of Effort of in the Congress, and finally how to better organizing Homeland defenses. While these are all important, the major issue was the lack of ownership and sharing of intelligence between governmental agencies. As the 9/11 commission pushed for counterterrorism reform, it also pointed to a need for intelligence reform. the IC reform was aimed at the way we collect process and disseminate intelligence. The 9/11 commission struck to identify, â€Å"whether the government is organized adequately to direct resources and build the intelligence capabilities it will need not just for countering terrorism, but for the broader range of national security challenges in the decades ahead. This viewpoint looks at the National Intelligence Agencies and strive to focus their power to be both effective, and balanced. Coupled with these factors the 9/11 commission identified six major problems, the structural barriers to performing joint intelligence work, lack of common standards and practices across the foreign-domestic divide. Divided management of national intelligence capabilities, weak capacity to set priorities and move resources, too many jobs, and too complex and secret. Structural Barriers To Per forming Joint Intelligence Work Along with the issues of trying to keep ahead of our enemies, we must also be able to share our information with other intelligence agencies, and our allies. As the 9/11 report shows: â€Å"National intelligence is still organized around the collection disciplines of the home agencies, not the joint mission. The importance of integrated, all-source analysis cannot be overstated. Without it, it is not possible to â€Å"connect the dots. † No one component holds all the relevant information. † While all agencies collect information, only through joint integration can we truly paint an accurate assessment of the facts. As a reference, the report cites the Goldwater Nichols legislation of 1986, in which Operations as a whole were better envisioned though joint co-operative training. It shows the strengths of these types of events and why we must incorporate more joint intelligence to be successful. Lack Of Common Standards and Practices Across the Foreign-Domestic Divide This portion of the report goes on to show the issues we have in the cases of both database management and dissemination of information. In cases of information gathered both home and abroad, there are issues with integration and synchronization of this workflow. Many have cited and shown how across the IC there are multiple databases, of which there is no conduit to share information, multiple programs collecting the same data, but are not cross-matched, and in many cases redundant entries are made, and then not managed creating an abundance of information unable to be processed due to a lack of manpower. Divided Management of National Intelligence Capabilities As the IC swelled in the post World War 2 and Cold War eras, we saw the abilities of many agencies in collections dwindle and collapse. The report shoes the degradation of the CIA’s ability to collect IMINT, and SIGINT. As the NSA, NRO NGIA, and other have been created, the HUMINT, OSINT and other intelligence collected by the CIA has had issues being validated due to the inability to task other agencies assets. You read "Post 9/11 Intelligence Reform Impact and the Way Ahead" in category "Essay examples" Some of these issues were solved through their acquisition of their own satellites and some reform, but again we see information that is collected by a sole agency, which is not easily shared or validated by an outside source. Weak Capacity to Set Priorities and Move Resources The task organization of the IC and the way in which it is managed fell on the Director of Central Intelligence, giving the CIA free reign in many cases, and also in many cases too much ability to mismanage or squander resources. As they struggle to manage these resources, and ensure all members of the IC are covered for what they need, there was little oversight in the ability to prioritize collection efforts. Moreover, there was little though given to how to best manage , â€Å"what they collect or the way they collect it. † Too Many Jobs As of the time of the 9/11 report the DCI had three jobs. Running of the CIA, manage the other members of the IC, and head analyst for the President of the United States. Any one of these positions is a capstone to a successful career; in the days of 9/11 it fell on one person. As the report goes on to show, is the fact that, â€Å"No recent DCI has been able to do all three effectively. Usually what loses out is management of the intelligence community†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This overtasking of an individual is not only reckless, but in many cases gave too much power to the CIA. The report finds that the DCI has three major shortcomings. They find that the DCI lacks the ability to control the funds allocated to the IC, the ability to remove or replace agency heads, and the ability to set the quality control and standardization of collection efforts. Too Complex and Secret As if all the previous five findings were not enough, we also see the issue of a cumbersome and hidden group of organizations. At the time of the 9/11 report, the IC was comprised of 15 agencies, mainly managed by a single entity. This coupled with no clear roadmap to how the groups interact, whom they report to, and how they fund operations. Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA) Out of the ashes of the events of 9/11 and the reforms brought forth by the 9/11 Commission report, came the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA). This legislation known as S. 2845  was introduced by Senator  Susan Collins  of  Maine. The bill was enacted after being signed by the President on December 17, 2004. This legislation strove to take the 9/11 Commissions findings and implement them into law. As mentioned at the beginning of this paper, we mentioned six major problems the IC faced. Being that the IC was managed mainly based on the National Security Act of 1947, the IRTPA brought changes to the IC by taking the bad and refining the good of each item. The major change seen in the IRTPA was the creation of the Director of National Intelligence. As we had seen in the 9/11 report, the DCI was way too overtasked, and the need for an Intelligence Community to have a director. The Structural Barriers to Performing Joint Intelligence Work In the wake of 9/11 the Joint Intelligence Community Council. This council Chaired by the Director of National Intelligence, is comprised of all major Presidential advisors. It is chartered to â€Å"†¦assist the Director of National Intelligence in developing and implementing a joint, unified national intelligence effort to protect national security†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This council also in the matter of advising the Legislative branch, may make recommendations to improve the IC. Lack of Common Standards and Practices Across the Foreign-Domestic Divide With the creation of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) came the call for a â€Å"performance of common services. This charge stands to ensure that services previously not shared, managed, or understood are standardized. It also stands to provide a set of â€Å"standards† for the agencies to follow, and hence stay regulated. Divided Management Of National Intelligence Capabilities Under the National Security Act of 1947, the DCI was the head of the IC, but under the IRTPA, a new p osition was enabled. The new position Director of National Intelligence, appointed by the President of the United States. This change gave the DCI more oversight of the CIA, and gave the President a subject matter expert, one who had a single focus job. This also gives the DNI the ability to manage the tasking of national collection assets, a job not really performed before. Weak Capacity to Set Priorities and Move Resources In the case of the ability to set priorities, once again the charge goes to the DNI. He is charged to â€Å"establish objectives, priorities, and guidance for the intelligence community to ensure timely and effective collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This charge gives the DNI the ability manage resources, requirements, conflict resolution between agencies to include the use of assets, and collection platforms. The only person the DNI must concede to the President. Too Many Jobs While we had an issue of the DCI having too many jobs before, some might say that the DNO now has too many jobs. This is a misconception, since the DNI has no intelligence agency to manage, rather he has department heads to manage that job. He instead focuses on the seamless and integrated manager of the whole gambit of intelligence. Too Complex and Secret The final goal of the IRTPA served to take the mystery and lack of oversight out of the IC. The establishment of an Inspector General to the DNI was enacted under the IRTPA. This office serves to manage ethical matters, settle complaints of favoritism, and ensure civil liberties are upheld through the actions of the IC and concurrence with National and International Laws. Other Changes Driven by the IRTPA The four findings recommended by the legislation are the following: (1) Long-term success in the war on terrorism demands the use of all elements of national power, including diplomacy, military action, intelligence, covert action, law enforcement, economic policy, foreign aid, public diplomacy, and homeland defense. 2) To win the war on terrorism, the United States must assign to economic and diplomatic capabilities the same strategic priority that is assigned to military capabilities. (3) The legislative and executive branches of the Government of the United States must commit to robust, long-term investments in all of the tools necessary for the foreign policy of the United States to successfully accomplish the goals of the United States. (4) The inv estments referred to in paragraph (3) will require increased funding to United States foreign affairs programs in general, and to priority areas as described in this title in particular. By breaking these findings out, we can better see how the IC can transform and flex the major muscle it has the ability to do. While there were pages and pages of changes, and background these four findings standout as the major players in policy reforms. Long-term Success in the War on Terrorism To be successful in the war on terror, we must utilize all possible assets and allies assets to our advantage. To do this we need to focus our efforts by sharing information, and ensuring that agencies are receiving timely and relevant updates to collected intelligence to ensure overall success. This sharing is critical to both foreign and domestic interests. Balance of Diplomatic, Economic and Military Influences The even balance of lethal, non-lethal and Humanitarian actions must be monitored and controlled. Too much use of any of these can degrade the ability of the United States and it’s ally’s effects in foreign actions. It is also important to remember that even in an attempt to show ourselves as a â€Å"hard target† we must show compassion and understanding to those less fortunate than us. This is a necessity if only because we must show the rest of the world that we are not so devoid of emotion that we can relate with their plights and ways of life. Overall Governmental Commitment to Success The war of terror is a marathon not a race. Only though the applied funding, legislative drive to ensure resources, and the executive branch push to allow success of the IC can we succeed in the war on terror. We cannot allow political infighting, election cycles, opinion polls, or other media-like reports to stop our drive for the end-state. While not always pretty, cost-effective, and popular, the needs of the IC to gather raw data must be protected. Added distractors such as political infighting in cases such as the passing, or re-authorization of the Patriot Act are great examples of the dangers the IC faces in achieving its goals. Commitment to Success and its Costs As stated above, this marathon is not always going to be cost-effective. Emerging technologies, payouts to sources, replacing of equipment, and other costs, not always made privy to the general public must be supported. Failure to the fund the IC can be detrimental to their success. While oversight is needed to ensure embezzlement is not a factor, the budget increases the IC requests should not be delayed or jeopardized by political adversaries, nor used as a talking point. This is currently seen in the $500 Billion defense cuts enacted by supercommittee legislations as face now. Conclusion As we see the changes made in the past 8 years since it’s inception, the IRTPA has helped the IC, but has not fixed it yet. While the DNI creation was a good thing, we do still see cases of the DNI have too much responsibility, and too much work. In some cases the added changes have brought more costs in bureaucratic startup, oversight, and staffing. While the need to separate the DCI from the rest of the agencies was important, the IRTPA has limited the CIA’s abilities an a variety of ways. Other advantages have been the information sharing of intelligence. The sharing has instituted policies and procedures as well as shared technology serves to better share information in a common platform. All things being combined, the IRTPA has been a game changer for the IC, only through reform, and through lessons learned will we strengthen and improve our practices, keeping our country safer. Bibliography 9/11 Commission. The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. Report, Washington, D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office, 2004. Andrew, Christopher. For President’s Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush. New York: Harper Press. Beckner, Christian. Implementing the 9/11 Commission Recommendations: An Analysis. http://www. hlswatch. com/sitedocs/Implementing%20the%20911%20Commission%20Recs. pdf (accessed October 03, 2012). Congress, 108th. INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TERRORISM PREVENTION ACT OF 2004. December 17, 2004. http://www. nctc. gov/docs/pl108_458. pdf (accessed October 03, 2012). GovTrack. us. H. R. 1 (110th): Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. August 3, 2003. http://www. govtrack. us/congress/bills/110/hr1 (accessed October 3, 2012). S. 2845 (108th): Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. December 17, 2004. http://www. govtrack. us/congress/bills/108/s2845 (accessed October 03, 2012). Jr, Richard A. Best. Intelligence Reform After Five Years: The Role of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). June 22, 2010. http://www. fas. org/sgp/crs/intel/R41295. pdf (accessed October 03, 2012). Rosenbach, Eric. Organization of the Intelligence Community. July 2009. http://belfercenter. ksg. harvard. edu/publication/19145/organization_of_the_intelligence_community. html (accessed October 03, 2012). ——————————————– [ 1 ]. 9/11 Commission. The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. Report, Washington, D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office, 2004. , p xvi. [ 2 ]. iBid. , p. 407 [ 3 ]. iBid. , pp. 407-410 [ 4 ]. iBid. , p. 408 [ 5 ]. iBid. , p. 409 [ 6 ]. iBid. , P. 409. [ 7 ]. GovTrack. , S. 2845 (108th): Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. , Website. , Washington D. C. accessed October 3, 2012 [ 8 ]. iBid. , Sec. 1031 [ 9 ]. iBid. , Sec. 1001 (r) [ 10 ]. iBid. , Sec. 1001 (i) [ 11 ]. iBid. , Sec. 7101 How to cite Post 9/11 Intelligence Reform Impact and the Way Ahead, Essay examples

Professional conduct and its importance for fresh gradu an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Professional conduct and its importance for fresh graduated psychology Any profession or organization cannot be based and function effectively unless it is guided by a set of protocols or rules to help its members perform. This is the key ingredient to any successful professional and organization, where the members are aware of what they are expected to do and how are they supposed to carry themselves. Need essay sample on "Professional conduct and its importance for fresh graduated psychology" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed As in any profession, the field of psychiatry faces its own challenges. The first and foremost challenge is to place ones expertise and contribution in a field that is still at its basics with regards to the complexities of the human mind. Man has been assessing and studying his own behavior patterns, modes of thoughts, methods of communication, desires, needs, ambitions and assimilating the environment in where he or she needs to perform. Yet still psychiatry still is in its early stages of development. This becomes an increasingly demanding job for a psychologist when he or she is to address patients and people who are suffering from mental disorders, mental ailments, or plain anxieties about various life issues. In such circumstances, the patient expects and demands full understanding of his or her mental state and needs by the psychiatrist, and how to help him or her overcome his problem. Thus a psychiatrist becomes at the same time a channel of expression, a reservoir of secrets , a confidant, a friend, a guide, a mentor, and a therapist, all, in one, to help the patient reach the other side of sanity. This demand is naturally high, as very few of us humans have the capacity to clearly understand what the other persons needs are and how can they be addressed in a positive manner. For an experienced psychiatrist, the task of conducting oneself for the patient and the profession is a fine line he or she has learned to balance. But for an amateur learner and graduate of psychiatry, this could be a daunting task. Society has the habit of expecting too much at too little time from a medical professional. The problem however is that most graduates are not exposed to the real world of psychiatry profession, and had been learning or managing cases under supervision, guidance and through mutual discussions and consents. When the same person is expected to work as an individual, he or she may feel nervous about his or her endeavor. A psychiatrist is expected to perform in a certain way for his patients, which is both original and in line with the laws of the field of psychiatry. For this purpose, such graduates are expected to have a professional conduct akin to the field of choice. Professional conduct is the set of rules and outlines that any professional in a given field must follow and abide with. These set of rules ensure that the person is providing the best quality of service that is akin to the level of education that he or she has achieved. However, these professional conduct codes are limited to the persons profession and related activities to the profession such as educational endeavors and scientific researches (APA, 2003). This however, does not exclude the person from moral and ethical values and demands of the profession, and an individual must above all practice ethical and moral values over any other professional obligation or need. Very concisely, professional conduct on an individual or an organizational level is the set of rules and regulations that must be observed by the individual within a specific field. Not only these rules set a standard to be lived up to by a professional, but it also acts as a gauge with which a person is measured and assessed with. These rules are although limiting in providing complete exemption from any moral or ethical behavior, they nevertheless allow for positive professional growth of a person. There are many requirements and areas which a person must fulfill to be professionally capable. The first and the foremost is that a person must acknowledge the supervening authority in his or her profession, in our case, psychology, and accept it by becoming a member of the governing body of the profession (APA, 2003). In all this time, a psychiatrist must inform the authorities about the type of activity he or she is carrying out with regards to his profession i.e. private or public service, research, teaching and education etc. In all this while, the psychologist is responsible for his or her own actions and can be held accused for any misdemeanor that he or she conducts. This can lead to any disciplinary action that the body may have decided upon in its set of rules. (Newfoundland standard of professional conduct, 2005) Therefore, a graduate of psychology must demonstrate competence, multiple professional relationships, does not have any impairment, is able to focus on the welfare of the client, supervisors, research participants and students, be confidential of the clients information, properly represent his or her services, and their costs thereof. The psychologist will also be careful about the various aspects of different assessment procedures, understand different violations of the laws and the penalties associated with the breaching of these laws, will not support illegal practices in the profession, and will report such cases of violations should they come under his or her notice. It is easy to see that the professional conduct of a psychologist is aimed at both the patients as well the colleagues of the profession and becomes modified accordingly. For example, in the case of the patients, the patient knowledge is strictly confidential and must be protected. In the cases of professionals, it is imperative that the psychologist maintain the level of rapport with the colleagues that helps in progression of his or her profession, improve knowledge and increase experience in his or her field. Similar in this manner is the obligation towards the psychologist to be ethically and morally correct in carrying out his practice. Above all regulations, any law agency or authority will not allow moral or ethical compromise from any professional. It is also the responsibility of the professional to protect himself from any such litigation that could take place due to lack of interest or attention to the patient. The psychiatrist must not resort to any immoral or unethical act on the insistence of the patient or the client, and must report the matter immediately and protect himself. In cases where there is danger of any legal problems due to the condition of the patient or the client, either the psychiatrist keep a witness during the sessions, or must legally document all information as elaborately as possible to prevent any future mishaps. (Newfoundland standard of professional conduct, 2005) A successful professional in one who is able to give quality care and practice to its patients and clients, is able to keep up with the changes and trends in psychiatry via educational reviews, peer communication, research and learning. The psychologist is also aware of the rights of the patient as well as himself, and also the rules and guidelines that have been placed by the superiors and works accordingly to avoid mishaps. For a new graduate of psychology stepping out in to real practice, knowing these rules and regulations, and the various laws associated with it can help save his profession at critical times. Such an informed individual will be able to ascertain any moral, ethical or professional misconduct or violation, and will be better able to handle and protect himself from any future problems. References American Psychological Association, 2003. Ethical Principals of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Site last accessed on September 30th, 2007 from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.html The Newfoundland Board of Examiners in Psychology. Standards of Professional Conduct, 2005.

EDGAR ALLAN POE 5 POEM ANALYSIS Essays

EDGAR ALLAN POE 5 POEM ANALYSIS Essays EDGAR ALLAN POE 5 POEM ANALYSIS Paper EDGAR ALLAN POE 5 POEM ANALYSIS Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The rhyme scheme of each of the five stanzas of Spirits of the Dead is different. The first stanza follows the pattern AABB. The second stanza is written in ABABCC. The format of the third stanza is AABBCCDD. The fourth stanza goes AABB. Lastly, the fifth stanza follows the pattern AABBCC. Sova, Dawn B. Spirits of the Dead. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. The end rhymes in the Spirit of the Dead are different and variable. For example, pry and secrecy in the first stanza, or fever and ever in the third stanza. Sova, Dawn B. Spirits of the Dead. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016 Personification is used by Poe in the Spirit of the Dead. He gives human qualities to the elements of nature such as the night, and the stars. The speaker says that the night frowns down on the souls of the dead, and the stars instigate them to retain their umbilical cord-like connection to the earth. Even though the souls are weary, the want to continue with the lives they had once left behind. Sova, Dawn B. Spirits of the Dead. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. The rhetorical devices known as consonance and assonance are both found in the poem. For example, one cannot help but notice the l-sound in the line The soul shall find itself alone from the first stanza, or the s-, t-, and d-sounds in the line The spirits of the dead who stood from the second stanza. Sova, Dawn B. Spirits of the Dead. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. The Raven refers to an angered protagonists memories of a deceased woman. Through poetry, Lenores premature death is implicitly made aesthetic, and the narrator is unable to free himself of his reliance upon her memory. Sova, Dawn B. The Raven. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. The poem ends with a retreat into the world of shadow. The speaker, entranced by the ravens demonic gaze, sees his soul in the shadow the bird casts on the floor, a soul that Shall be lifted- nevermore! With its final nevermore, the raven refuses to leave, and becomes a permanent reminder of his grief. Bloom, Harold, ed. The Raven. Edgar Allan Poe, Blooms Major Poets. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishing, 1999. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. The first seven stanzas establish the setting and the narrators melancholic, impressionable state of mind. Weak and worn out with grief, the speaker had sought distraction from his sorrow by reading curiously esoteric books. Bloom, Harold, ed. The Raven. Edgar Allan Poe, Blooms Major Poets. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishing, 1999. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;- vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow- sorrow for the lost Lenore- For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore- Allan Poe, Edgar. The Raven. Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. Poe says that the valley had been silent once upon a time, when all the soldiers had left the place to join in wars. The soldiers had left behind the host of stars that would shine on them every night to watch over the flowers of the valley from the great heights at which they stay. Huff, Randall. The Valley of Unrest. The Facts On File Companion to American Poetry, vol. 1. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. The poem itself consists of a single stanza made up of a total of twenty-seven lines. Right from the first line, Poe starts describing the graveyard where the corpses of soldiers are buried. However, the spirits of these soldiers are restless. Hence, Poe calls the graveyard the valley of unrest. Huff, Randall. The Valley of Unrest. The Facts On File Companion to American Poetry, vol. 1. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. Poe says that the trees in the graveyard exhibit a palpitating motion, similar to the rise and fall of waves in the sea off the shores of the Hebrides islands. However, Poe is sure that it is not the wind that causes the motion of the trees. It is a supernatural presence in the graveyard that is responsible for that. Huff, Randall. The Valley of Unrest. The Facts On File Companion to American Poetry, vol. 1. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. Over the magic solitude. Ah, by no wind are stirred those trees That palpitate like the chill seas Around the misty Hebrides! Allan Poe, Edgar. The Valley of Unrest. Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. In the third stanza, he meets a pilgrim shadow which is symbolical of death and the knights asks it about the way which may lead to Eldorado. The shadow replies that the land could be found over the mountains of the moon and down the Valley of Shadow. Huff, Randall. Eldorado. The Facts On File Companion to American Poetry, vol. 1. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. The poem turns gloomy and melancholic after the first 6 stanzas. There is no hint of sunshine anymore but only shadow. The next lines are less vigorous in tone as it describes the knight not so bold and who has not yet found El Dorado and he has grown old then. Huff, Randall. Eldorado. The Facts On File Companion to American Poetry, vol. 1. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. The word shadow is used in every stanza but each one of them differs from each other in meaning. In line 3, we come to know that the knight has journeyed in sunshine and in shadow. Shadow here is a metaphor representing night or any dark place through which the knight has travelled. In the second stanza, line 9, symbolizes depression and despair in the heart of the knight. Sova, Dawn B. Eldorado. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. And, as his strength Failed him at length, He met a pilgrim shadow; Shadow, said he, Where can it be, This land of Eldorado? Allan Poe, Edgar. Eldorado. Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. the poem Conqueror Worm adheres to a strict rhyme scheme, where each eight-line stanza takes an ABABCBCB pattern. The rigidity of this construction proves a harsh framework for the internal rhymes and the irregular, albeit melodic, rhythms of the poem. Meanwhile, Poe uses exclamations to break the rhythm into cacophonous explosions of sound. For example, the phrase It writhes! it writhes!. Sova, Dawn B. The Conqueror Worm. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. In the Conqueror Worm, The first stanza serves as the exposition, placing the angels at night in the setting of a theatre, while the second and third stanzas provide the rising action. The climax comes with the entrance and triumph of the Conqueror Worm, and the last stanza returns to the outside frame for the falling action and denouement. Sova, Dawn B. The Conqueror Worm. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. the alliteration within phrases such as lonesome latter years and mutter and mumble low generally serves to emphasize the gloomy mood of the poem while adding to the lyrical effect. Sova, Dawn B. The Conqueror Worm. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. The scenic solitude! It writhes! - it writhes! - with mortal pangs The mimes become its food, And the angels sob at vermin fangs In human gore imbued! Allan Poe, Edgar. The Conqueror Worm. Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation. Web. 01 Mar. 2016.

Skid Row

Skid Row Skid Row Skid Row By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Is it â€Å"skid row† or â€Å"skid road,† and what’s the proper usage? The expression â€Å"skid row† is the common term in modern usage, but it’s thought to derive from an earlier term associated with the logging industry. In Washington State and other centers of the lumber industry, loggers built roads out of logs and then skidded newly cut logs down these â€Å"skid roads.† As time went on, saloons and brothels sprang up along the skid roads and the term took on the meaning, â€Å"a district abounding in vicious characters and the practice of vice.† When the expression migrated to urban environments, road became row, perhaps in imitation of established streets with names like Park Row and Tryon Row. During the economically terrible years of the 1930s, the term skid row was applied to city districts where the unemployed congregated: the Bowery in New York City, the Tenderloin district in San Francisco, and areas along West Madison Street in Chicago. New construction and gentrification have altered the old city conformations. Except in Los Angeles, the term â€Å"skid row† is usually used to mean â€Å"any run-down area of a town where the unemployed, vagrants, alcoholics, drug dealers, etc., tend to congregate† or â€Å"the lowest possible social and economic state of existence.† Alone among large US cities, Los Angeles still has a geographical skid row called by that name: The city maintains more than 1,400 bins on Skid Row to store belongings seized during street cleanups or voluntarily stowed by homeless people. - LA Times They rarely think of Skid Row, a 54-block area on the downtown’s outskirts that has the highest concentration of homeless people in the country. - The Daily Beast Skid Row’s homeless are estimated to make up 10% of LA’s downtown population.  - The Guardian Skid Row  is an area of downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2000 census, the population of the district was 17,740.  - Wikipedia Skid row evokes a state of penniless, homeless, uncared-for destitution: Joe Roberts, known as the Skid Row CEO, went from living under a bridge in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside in 1989 to becoming a Canadian millionaire before he turned 35. Now it [a rundown lighthouse] had the look of a dowager who, through no fault of her own, had somehow found herself on skid row.   Most [jail occupants] are addicts,  skid-row winos, homeless people, or a mixture of all three. The Street with No Name is a 1948 black-and-white  film noir. The movie, shot in a semi-documentary style, takes place in the  Skid Row  section of fictional  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Central City.† This film [Dementia], with no dialogue at all, follows a psychotic young woman’s nightmarish experiences through one skid-row night. Another expression with the word skid is â€Å"to be on the skids†: to be in a state of decline. The idiom is often seen in the media in reference to some celebrity’s marriage: Randy Jacksons  marriage on the skids.   Kardashian is said to be beside herself with loneliness and boredom, resorting to food binges to cope with a marriage on the skids. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesHomogeneous vs. HeterogeneousEducational vs. Educative

What rights in English law do adults with decisional capacity have in Essay

What rights in English law do adults with decisional capacity have in relation to medical treatment and do these give too much scope for refusing important treatment - Essay Example Medical services should, therefore, be provided in line with the request of the service user and for their benefit (NHS, 2014). However, the right of informed consent has been under much criticism due to the ability of mentally fit individuals to turn down medical treatment strategies that could save their lives. Refusal to treatment decisions by sane adults may put the care team in an awful position that inhibits their ability to give the best medical treatment available. This particular right discourages medical practitioners since a breach of such ethics may result in heavy penalties, jail time or withdrawal of practice licenses. The rights included in the English law state that medical staff employing bodies are also liable for the unethical practice of their union members. In reference to Stavrinides (2012), the principle of informed consent to medical treatment observes that a service user provides their permission in order to receive medical treatment. Such consent ranges from a simple blood test to the complicated organ donations. The English law states that when a patient has complicated medical needs, a mental survey is necessary in order to ascertain whether the patient’s ability to reason appropriately is affected by his medical situation. When such cases arise, a series of multi-disciplinary meetings are carried out in order to come up with a shared agency disciplinary decision. The decision made on the most applicable treatment strategy is now to be effected without the consent of the adult patient. The principle of recovery, as indicated in the English law, ensures that the adult patient is capable to gain control over their lives after treatment. The service user has this right in order to regain their self-esteem and make a step forward towards living a life where they can experience a feeling of belonging and participation. This right ensures that patients are enabled

The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga - Essay Example Balram is a boy with little education and the urge to break away from the life of poverty and misery into which he is born. As Balram Halwai is thrust into the glittering life of the rich in India’s capital, the difference between those in his station in life and that of his employers is sharply brought into focus. This is the turning point, and it is the humiliations and injustices that he faces that finally push him into using any means to escape into a better life. As he explains "In the old days there were one thousand castes...in India. These days, there are just two castes: Men with Big Bellies, and Men with Small Bellies."(pg 64) Balram is determined to do whatever it takes to become a big-bellied man, and to this end, he resorts to bribing the police, bending the rules or even worse. After all he has learnt these lessons from his rich masters themselves! I think the protagonist of Aravind Adiga’s novel is an entrepreneur. He has most of the qualities that are re quired for entrepreneurship. Balram himself lists these when he says â€Å"The Indian entrepreneur has to be straight and crooked, mocking and believing, sly and sincere at the same time.†(pg 9) Einstein once said, "Imagination is more important than knowledge." (Albert Einstein Quotes) and Balram Halwai echoes this when he swears by his favourite poet Iqbal’s words â€Å"They remain slaves because they cannot see what is beautiful.† (pg 40)... His ability to think on his feet is sharply brought into focus when he alone is able to answer the inspector’s questions. His ability to recall things he has seen, read and overheard and his intuition about the way they fit into the scheme of things is what is appreciated by the inspector who sees a bright future for the village lad. Balram calls himself a â€Å"half baked fellow’’ because he has only a few years of schooling, and further adds that â€Å"entrepreneurs are made from half baked clay.† (pg 11) Balram Halwai’s ability to take life as it comes and seize opportunity whenever it arises is amply displayed as he eavesdrops on conversations at the teashops where he is forced to work, and uses the scraps of knowledge thus gained to educate himself on the goings on in the world around him. He puts it very succinctly when he says â€Å"I am a man of action and change†. Overhearing that drivers were paid well and they were required in lar ge numbers in the coal mining town of Dhanbad where he works in a teashop, the boy cajoled his granny into giving him the money he needed to learn how to drive a car. Although he knew that the driver who taught him was taking advantage of him and making him spend a lot of his time doing free repair jobs on taxis; he stuck to his resolve to learn driving and mastered it. Having mastered driving skills was only a beginning, he had to get a driver’s job in an environment where merit was no criterion. Caught up as he is, in the morass of corruption, inequality and poverty, he bides his time and waits for the right opening to press home the advantage. Knowing the right people and greasing the right palms was how one got a job, and the poor lad was a nobody and had no help in that department. His intuition and ability

Analysing Jamaican Creole Through English Language Essay

Analysing Jamaican Creole Through English Language Essay Creoles can be generally defined as genuinely mixed languages, which emerged from the blending together of two or more different languages and became the mother tongue of a new generation of speakers, acquiring the full range of communicative functions that a native language needs (Svartvik 2006: p.183). Most creoles developed as a result of colonialism and lived side by side with the dominant language. As a consequence, these contact varieties were reduced to lower functions and seen as deviant or broken forms of the language from which they derived. Nevertheless, since postcolonial times, there has been a shift towards the recognition and acceptance of national languages and identities, which has given rise to a new status and opportunities for those stigmatised varieties (Schneider 2007). Jamaican Creole, generally known as Patwa, can be considered as a good example of English-based creole which has begun to overcome stigma around its use and be recognised as a fully developed lan guage, as well as a symbol of Jamaican identity ( Schneider 2010: p.102). Jamaican Creole has its origins in the late 17th century, when British colonised the territory (1655) and imported slaves from West Africa to work in the plantations. Those Africans soon started to outnumber white population and became the linguistic models of the new slaves, contributing with this to spread the creole (Schneider 2007). During the decades of colonialism, Jamaica ´s language and culture were dominated by the British norms. In this sense, Standard English was considered as the highest variety, acquired through formal education and used in public and formal context (Devonish and Harry 2008: p. 256); for its part, Jamaican Creole was stigmatised as a bastardized distortion of English, to be avoided at all costs in public discourse (Schneider 2010: p.102). After independence in 1962, a sense of nationalism emerged and led to new attitudes towards Jamaica ´s national culture and language. However, this way for acceptance was not easy and Jamaicans had to fight against prejudices and an exonormative orientation which favoured the Standard variety without taking into account realities of language use and the Jamaicans ´ identity (Schneider 2007: p.234). The figure of Louise Bennett may be used to represent the spirit of this period and can help us to understand the current linguistic situation in Jamaica. Therefore, taking one of the Bennett ´s most famous poems Back to Africa (1966), we are going to analyse the features of Jamaican Creole, as well as the reason that led the poet to use this variety and the ideas she wanted to transmit. The poem deals with a girl, called Miss Mattie, who wants to go back to Africa because she thinks that her homeland is there. The poetic voice develops a group of arguments to try to persuade the girl not to emigrate to that continent and, at the same time, offers the reader a good description of Jamaica ´s essence. Firstly, Bennett presents Jamaica ´s population as a combination of different cultures: (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) you great great great/ Granma was African/ But Mattie, doan you great great great/ Granpa was Englishman? (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦)/ You whole generation (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦)/ oonoo all is Jamaican! According to Holm (2000: p.93): Ethnic origin of the population in the 1960 census was 76% African, 15% Afro-European, 3.5% East Indian, 1% European, 1% Chinese and 3% other. Nowadays, it is estimated that over 90% of Jamaica ´s population are of African origin (Schneider 2008: p.610). Secondly, the poet alludes to Jamaicans ´ facial features and colour, which reflect their African heritage and distinguish them from English people: oh, you view the countenance/ and between you an de Africans/is great resemblance!. Therefore, Bennett introduces in this poem the defining characteristics of the Jamaican population: their cultural melting pot and their strong African roots. Finally, the poetic voice claims that the girl does not need to look for her homeland because Jamaica is already her home: you dah go fe seek you homelan/ for a right deh so you deh!. In this sense, the poet considers that the real homeland is the place where one is born, rather than the country of ancestral origins. In the same vein, Bennett also seems to encourage Jamaicans to accept their African heritage and make the island their own home, as it is the only way to achieve self-identification: do Sure a whe you come from so you got/ somewhe fe come back to! Regarding the language, the poem is entirely written in basilectal creole. Jamaican Creole has West African languages as its substrate (Startvik 2006: p. 183); which means that languages from Akan, Kwa and Buntu families are likely to have influenced part of Jamaican basic grammar and pronunciation (Patrick 2008: p.610). In this sense, as it can be seen in the poem, Jamaican Creole shares several characteristics with the rest of Atlantic Creoles and differs in some aspects from the English grammar. Firstly, in Jamaican Creole, tense and aspect are not marked by inflectional morphology, but by context. Therefore, neither the third person singular -s nor the past form of the verb come were found in the poem: Ef the whole worl start [`starts ´] fe go back/ whe dem great granpa come [`came ´] from!. In the same vein, progressive aspect is only signalled by pre-verbal dah (you no know wha you dah seh?) and the base form of the verb is used to express participle function in do/Sure a whe you come [`have come ´] from (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦); however, non-concord was appears in the poem to express the past form of the verb to be: (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) you great great great/ Granma was Africa. Secondly, auxiliary verbs were not found in interrogative or negative sentences. Negation is marked by means of the preverbal negator no, both in negative declaratives sentences and in imperative ones. The use of no is a distinctly creole feature (Scheneider 2010: p.106), which is also very common in other languages, such as Spanish, and can be seen in the early stages of the grammar of second language learners, as well as in child language acquisition. Other negative structures are the use of doan in negative tags (But Mattie, doan you great great great/ Granpa was Englisman?) and the presence of double negations (But no tell nobody say); which is a feature that appears not only in other creoles, but also in other non-standard English varieties (Schneider 2010: p.106). Regarding pronouns, first and second personal forms were found: Me, you, oonoo (`unu ´) and also interrogative pronouns; such as weh/whe (`where ´), as well as the possessive form who-fa (`whose ´). Furthermore, as Patrick (2008: p.633) claims, bare personal pronouns sometimes fulfil possessive functions; in this sense, you can refer to the personal pronoun you or to the possessive you: Ef a hard time you dah run from/Tek you (`your ´) chance!. In the same manner, a single preposition can also cover a range of functions (Schneider 2010: p.106): Mus go back a (`to ´) Englan, de balance a (`of ´) you family. The use of a single form playing several roles is a characteristic that all the linguistic systems possess as a result of applying one of the most fundamental principles of the language: economy. Another feature of Jamaican Creole is the lack of grammatical suffixes (Schneider 2010: p.106). In this sense, possessive -s is avoided and, as Patrick (2008: p.633) says, possession can be expressed by juxtaposition (possessor+ possessed), as in great granmader fader, or by the use of the preposition a (`of ´), as in de balance a you family. In the same vein, plural of nouns are generally not marked or they are expressed by means of the morpheme dem, although it was not found in this poem; rather, Louise Bennett alternates zero-marking of plural (American), very common in basilectal speech, with the plural allomorph -s (Africans), which is closed to mesolectal and acrolectal forms. Finally, it is necessary to point out the use of passive meanings in active form (as in oonoo all barn dung a Bun Grung), as well as the use of fe (`to ´) as the infinitive marker and the presence of say and seh as the complementizer (correspoding to that) to introduce a finit object clause after verb s of thinking or talking (Schneider 2010: p. 106): Me know say dat [`I know that ´] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Apart from the grammar, the manner in which some words were written contributes to reflect locally pronunciation features. In this sense, it was found that the diphthong /ei/, as in `take ´, is monophthongized, giving rise to the form tek. In the same manner, fricatives [ÃŽÂ ¸], [ÃÆ' °] and [Ê’]  do not exist in Jamaican creole (Devonish and Harry 2008: p. 285); therefore, they are substituted by stops (Schneider 2010: p.105), as in the case of dat (`that ´), fader/mader (`father ´/`mother ´) or den (`then ´). Finally, as in other varieties, word-final or syllable-final consonant clusters are usually omitted (Schneider 2010: p.105); this can be seen in words as granpa/granma (`grandpa ´/ `grandma ´), an (`and ´), mus (`must ´) or homelan (`homeland ´). Writing her poems in Jamaican Creole and talking about a national identity, Louise Bennett shows her commitment to a language and a culture that have been undervalue and marginalised throughout time. In this sense, she demonstrates that Jamaican Creole is neither a broken or deficient variety, but, as it was analysed, one fully developed language with its own grammar and vocabulary (Svartvik 2006: p. 176) and; consequently, as able as the Standard English to express the whole range of human experiences, thoughts and emotions. Figures as Louise Bennett contributed to instil pride in Jamaican ´s national language and culture; that is why, nowadays the linguistic situation in this country is totally different from past decades. Although, Standard English is expected to be the variety used in official contexts and by educated speakers (Schneider 2007), most Jamaicans speak a kind of mesolect, a variety which is midway on the continuum between creole and the standard language (Svartvik 2006: p.181) and they moved towards acrolectal or basilectal forms depending on several factors, such as the formality of the context or the social relationship between the interlocutors (Schneider 2007). This lack of correspondence between expectations and reality has led to more tolerant attitudes which have result in new education policies, more presence of creole in political and literary contexts, as well as in the media. Furthermore, attempts to codify the variety with the elaboration of grammars (Cassidy) and dictionari es (Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage) reflect the efforts to make Jamaican Creole an official language (Schneider 2007). However, fifty years after the political independence, some prejudices and debates about the use of Creole still remain and it is only in the power of Jamaicans to make creole a stronger language and a symbol of their identity. Modal verbs, such as mus (`must ´), and the infinite marker fe (`to ´) were also found in the poem, both fulfilling the same function as in Standard English.

Hannah’s Prayer

DALLAS BAPTIST UNIVERSITY OT NARRATIVE LITERATURE: 1 Samuel 1:1-28 BIBLE STUDY SUBMITTED TO DR. BLACKABY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE APPLIED HERMENUTICS THEO 5313 01 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LEADERSHIP BY Glenda Juarez DALLAS, TEXAS February 19, 2013 Outline for the bible study * Introduction * Context of the Bible Study * Literary Context * Historical Context * Characters * Content of the Bible Study * Exegetical Notes * Theological Principles Application of the Bible Study * Bibliography INTRODUCTION 1 Samuel is one the two books that have his name, the firsts chapters describes event as his birth, his childhood, his calling and develops his important place in history as a prophet to introduce people like Saul and David that will mark the history of Israel in such a great way. We are focusing on the first chapter of 1 Samuel, which shows us the background of Samuel’s birth through his father Elkanah and his mother Hannah.Scholars agree that is not reve aled with precision the author of 1 and 2 Samuel, but according to the Scriptures is believed that the prophets Samuel, Nathan and Gad were authors of these wonderful events in the history of the Bible. Samuel became a man of God used for his glory, but before this happened, he was consecrated by his mother Hannah, a woman of God and faith. This first chapter will help us to learn from each character in this passage and to apply principles and to give steps of faith in our own lives. CONTEXT OF THE BIBLE STUDY Literary Context: The first chapter of 1 Samuel opens the introduction of a family, of a woman who is added to the list of many other women in the Bible that could not have children. The main character in this chapter is Hannah, a woman deeply broken for not having children. * The first chapter of 1 Samuel follows Judges. â€Å"The last chapters of the book of Judges, with their refrain, there was no king in Israel, (Jdg. 21:25) prepares the way for new developments in Israel ’s leadership†. * The time at Israel was crucial in history because it was transitioning from the rule of the judges, for they did whatever the want to do. Israel felt the need of who would unite tribes, have an effective standing army, and be a match for those who led their enemies to victory† * Israel was struggling with the different opinions of the people they were asking and desiring for a king to reign over them, and here comes in the story the leadership of Samuel who years after with God’s authority was going to set a man as the King. * Samuel’s birth opened the new era of monarchy. Historical Context * It is though that the story takes place in the â€Å"era of the Judges†, but introducing new characters that will be develop in the two books of Samuel. Based on David Toshio, he mentions: â€Å"It was not until ca. 1200 B. C. that iron technology influences every phase of life. With this as the historical background, the First Book of Samuel begins. † * Toshio agrees with Baldwin that the first book of Samuel is placed in the â€Å"period of the judges†, probably in the mid-eleventh century. Characters: * Elkanah: Man from Ramathaim, who had two wives. A man that yearly offered sacrifice to worship the Lord. (v. 3) * Hannah: Wife of Elkanah who loved her and which had no children. (v. 5) * Peninnah: one of Elkanah’s wife. A jellous woman who provoked Hannah to irritate her. v. 6) * Eli: Priest that talked to Hannah, who thought she was drunk, but who believes that God answer prayers. (v. 18) * Hophi and Phineas: Two sons of Eli that were priests in Shilo. (v. 3) * Samuel: Meaning: â€Å"Because I asked the Lord for Him†. (v. 20) The son of Hannah and Elkanah, a gift from God dedicated to him, a man who years later established kingship in Israel. Places * Ramathaim-Zophim (Ramah): means â€Å"high† * Shiloh: city that was twelve milles far away from Ramah, place where Elkanahâ₠¬â„¢s family offered sacrifices to God every year. CONTENT OF THE BIBLE STUDY Exegetical Notes * v. A man from Ramathaim; Elkanah the ephramite. â€Å"The phrase ‘the Ephrathities’: can refer either to ‘those hailing from Ephrath’ or ‘Ephraimites,’ members of the northern tribe of Ephraim† (Jdg 12:5). Toshio relates Elkanah as an ephramite but that he might have been of bethelehemite stock rather than being ephramite even he lived in the hill country of Ephraim. * v. 2, 5 Elkanah had two wives. In Israel was acceptable under certain circumstances, when his first wife failed to have children. This was the case of Elkanah, he married Hannah for love, and this love persisted even she did not have children. * v. -4 There was a yearly action that Elkanah and his family did. â€Å"Elkanah’s inclination and ability to take his family on an annual pilgrimage to Shiloh suggest that he was pious and also a man of some substance†. Elk anah seemed to be fair with his family. * v. 6-8 Peninnah was her tormentor, she was jealous and provoked Hannah in despite Elkanah love her. For women in the ancient Israel the honor and reputation was measured by the amount of children they had. It was hard for Hannah to deal with her situation plus the rivalry of Peninnah, she probably felt ashamed of before Peninnah’s attitude, she felt unuseful as Elkanah’s ife, and she wept for her sorrow and for the desire of any woman in the world. * v. 9-11 â€Å"I will give him to the Lord† suggests that Hannah that God has all the power to open the womb. â€Å"Hannah took the opportunity to pray† she had no hesitation, she did not realize Eli was there, her desperation, her cried, her sorrow moved her to pray and express to God what she was going through. She dedicated her son, the thing she was asking a son, and she made a vow to God. â€Å"Vow accounts are always prayers and they follow a typical order.By ma king the vow the worshipper enters into a binding relationship with God† â€Å"The sentence I will give him to the Lord has a performative force; it shows not only that Hannah promises it but also that she has already given him by faith† * v. 12-18 It begins a dialogue with Eli, her agony captures the attention of Eli that he thought she was drunk. Can you imagine that picture? Have you prayed in that way? â€Å"The expression pouring out my soul denotes not simply an inward state of one’s heart or mind but an involvement of the whole being† Hannah responds to Eli in a positive way, after we see in v. she did not want to eat because of her pain and sadness she left and she ate v. 18 She was deeply encouraged because of the words Eli told her which she took them as God’s promise. * v. 19 The next morning they arose and worshipped before the Lord. â€Å"Though the family made an early start, they worshipped before the setting off for home. The Lord r emembered Hannah, as he had remembered Noah (Gen 8:1), and his suggest covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (Ex. 2:24), not to suggest that his memory was faulty but to indicate that He was about to work out his unfolding purpose† * v. 0 Hannah named her son: SAMUEL â€Å"Because I asked the Lord for him†. These were the words Hannah said when she named her son. However scholars agree that this meaning will go better with the name of Saul, and that the meaning of Samuel comes from â€Å"the Name of God† * v. 21-25 â€Å"Samuel was probably about three years old before he was taken to the house of the Lord at Shiloh† Elkanah and Hannah returned Samuel to God, and the boy ministered to the Lord before Eli (1 Sam 2:11) * v. 26-28 Here the dedication of Hannah is completed and irrevocable.Hannah worshipped God and recognized the gift He gave her, recognized His power to answer her prayer and dedicated his son to the Lord. Theology Principles * â€Å"The con sistent worship offered by Elkanah and his family year by year set a positive example of faithful and godly living† * Hannah’s pain took her to pray and seek God’s answer of love. * God turns our sorrows to joy and peace. * A vow to God, talked about Hannah’s faith and trust in the Lord. * Fulfilling a vow reflects Obedience. * Hannah’s prayer could be a selfish prayer, but when things come from God, He answers to take all the Glory and Honor.APPLICATION OF THE BIBLE STUDY It is amazing how the study of the Scriptures takes you to know things that maybe sometimes we do not think about them. Hannah’s is the main character in this passage, her faith in the Lord, her honest prayer the way she pours out her broken heart before God, and how God works for us to give him the glory. I will mention some applications I found through this Bible Study: * As humans we will have to deal with people that will provoke, and through Hannah’s attitude we need to be controlled and not respond them in the same way and be humbled because God exalts the humble and listen to him. Psalms 10:17) * The Lord closed Hannah’s womb (1 Sam 1:5); there are things that God has set already in our lives in which He has the control over them, but Hannah fought against her situation, self-esteem, and the mockery and thoughts the people had about her, we will face hard sad and desperate moments in life, but we need to be ready to fight and to know the value we have in God, no matter our situation. * Cry out to our God in perseverance. (v. 11) God will respond. (Jer 33:3) * Give a step in faith and make a vow to God.He will receive you. (Heb 11:6) * Worship, worship, worship! In bad in good, in trouble in peace. Worship Him, Hannah worshipped him in her agony but also worshipped God when He provides and satisfied the desires of her heart. * Value the people is on your side, Elkanah was a good man that loved Hannah in every situation, open your e yes and love the people that has been with you in the happy and hard moments of your life. * Hannah was a great model of person, recognize always the sovereing and the power that only God has. BIBLIOGRAPHY . Baldwin, Joyce G. , 1 and 2 Samuel An Introduction And Commentary (England: Inter Varsity Press, 1988) 2. Toshio Tsumura, David The First Book of SAMUEL (Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2007) 3. Buttrick, George Arthur et al. , The Interpreter’s Bible The Holy Scriptures (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1953) 4. Cartledge, Tony W. Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary 1 & 2 Samuel (Georgia: Smyth & Helwys, 2001) 5. Allen, Clifton J. The Broadman Bible Commentary Volume 3 1 Samuel-Nehemiah (Tennessee: Broadman Press, 1970) ——————————————- [ 1 ]. Joyce G. Baldwin, 1 and 2 Samuel An Introduction And Commentary (England: Inter Varsity Press, 1988), 49 [ 2 ]. Ibid. , 49 [ 3 ]. Ibid. , 50 [ 4 ]. David Toshio Tsumura The First Book of SAMUEL (Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2007), 34 [ 5 ]. Ibid. , 103 [ 6 ]. George Arthur Buttrick et al. , The Interpreter’s Bible The Holy Scriptures (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1953), 876 [ 7 ]. Toshio Tsumura, 107 [ 8 ]. Tony W.Cartledge Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary 1 & 2 Samuel (Georgia: Smyth & Helwys, 2001), 27 [ 9 ]. Clifton J. Allen The Broadman Bible Commentary Volume 3 1 Samuel-Nehemiah (Tennessee: Broadman Press, 1970), 13 [ 10 ]. Toshio Tsumura, 114 [ 11 ]. Cartledge, 27 [ 12 ]. Buttrick et, all. , 880 [ 13 ]. Baldwin, 52 [ 14 ]. Cartledge, 32 [ 15 ]. Toshio Tsumura, 118 [ 16 ]. Ibid. , 121 [ 17 ]. Ibid. , 122 [ 18 ]. Baldwin 53 [ 19 ]. Buttrick et al. , 881 [ 20 ]. Allen, 15 [ 21 ]. Buttrick et al. , 882 [ 22 ]. Baldwin, 52

Biography of Hernando Pizarro - Hernan Pizarro Profile

The Traditional American Family - 1184 Words

The traditional American family can be traced back to the aggressive marketing in the 1950’s. The image of a white, middle class family owning a moderate sized home with a well-kept lawn. The father is the head of the household who would teach his kids all the life lessons and be the only source of income by working a white collar, corporate job. The mother would stay at home in a full skirt and heels looking after the kids, preparing meals, and taking care of the house. The kids, usually two, would be well behaved and well dressed. This view of the family is narrow and rigid, but through aggressive media portrayals has come to be viewed as normal and ideal. Shows such as â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† and â€Å"Father knows best† reinforced that idea of a good family eating together at dinner, praying together, and being proud of the nation. 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